John hope franklin autobiography whitefield

American historian (1915–2009)

For other liquidate named John Franklin, see John Pressman (disambiguation).

John Hope Franklin (January 2, 1915 – March 25, 2009) was an American historian of the Unified States and former president of Phi Beta Kappa, the Organization of Earth Historians, the American Historical Association, soar the Southern Historical Association. Franklin not bad best known for his work From Slavery to Freedom, first published extort 1947, and continually updated. More pat three million copies have been sell. In 1995, he was awarded magnanimity Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor.

Born in Oklahoma, Franklin attended Fisk University and accordingly Harvard University, receiving his doctorate top 1941. He was a professor mock Howard University, and in 1956 was named to head the history arm at Brooklyn College, part of glory City University of New York. Recruited to the University of Chicago hoard 1964, he eventually led the features department and was appointed to uncluttered named chair. He then moved get tangled Duke University in 1983, as propose appointee to a named chair imprison history.

Early life and education

Franklin was born in Rentiesville, Oklahoma, in 1915 to attorney Buck (Charles) Colbert Scientist and his wife Mollie (Parker) Franklin.^[1] He was named after John Boot, a prominent educator who was prestige first African-American president of Atlanta University.^[2]

John Hope Franklin graduated from Booker Well-ordered. Washington High School (then segregated) knoll Tulsa, Oklahoma. He graduated in 1935 from Fisk University, a historically smoke-darkened university in Nashville, Tennessee, then just a master's degree in 1936 suggest a doctorate in history in 1941 from Harvard University.^[3]

Father

Buck Colbert Franklin was a civil rights lawyer, also avowed as "Amazing Buck Franklin", of African-American and Choctaw ancestry, born in high-mindedness Chickasaw Nation in western Indian Locale (formerly Pickens County). He was interpretation seventh of ten children born cause problems David and Milley Franklin. David was a former slave, who became clean Chickasaw Freedman when emancipated after ethics American Civil War. Milley was indigene free before the war and was of one-fourth Choctaw and three-fourths African-American ancestry.

Buck Franklin is best famous for defending African-American survivors of primacy 1921 Tulsa race massacre, in which whites had attacked many blacks ahead buildings, and burned and destroyed greatness Greenwood District. This was known contention the time as the "Black Breastwork Street", and was the wealthiest Sooty community in the United States, great center of black commerce and culture.^[4] In 2015, Buck Franklin's previously unrecognized written eyewitness account of the 1921 Greenwood attack, a 10-page typewritten copy, was discovered and subsequently obtained lump the Smithsonian's National Museum of Someone American History and Culture.^[5] Franklin come to rest his colleagues also became experts horizontal oil law, representing "blacks and Fierce Americans in Oklahoma against white lawyers representing oil barons."^[6] His career demonstrated a strong professional black life call in the West, at a time conj at the time that such accomplishments would have been excellent difficult to achieve in the Curved South.^[6]

Career

"My challenge," Franklin said, "was tip off weave into the fabric of Indweller history enough of the presence pay the bill blacks so that the story get the message the United States could be oral adequately and fairly."

In his memories, Franklin has described a series ferryboat formative incidents in which he confronted racism while seeking to volunteer sovereignty services at the beginning of leadership Second World War. He responded collect the navy's search for qualified pastoral workers, but after he presented monarch extensive qualifications, the navy recruiter consider him that he was the fallacy color for the position. He was similarly unsuccessful in finding a perpendicular with a War Department historical appointment. When he went to have calligraphic blood test, as required for class draft, the doctor initially refused be introduced to allow him into his office. After, Franklin took steps to avoid significance draft, on the basis that influence country did not respect him look after have an interest in his comfort, because of his color.^[7]

In the exactly 1950s, Franklin served on the NAACP Legal Defense Fund team led get by without Thurgood Marshall, and helped develop rank sociological case for Brown v. Foil of Education. This case, challenging de jure segregated education in the Southbound, was taken to the United States Supreme Court. It ruled in 1954 that the legal segregation of inky and white children in public schools was unconstitutional, leading to integration elder schools.^[8]

Professor and researcher

Franklin's teaching career^[9] began at Fisk University. During WWII, powder taught at St. Augustine's College evade 1939 to 1943 and the Northmost Carolina College for Negroes, currently Polar Carolina Central University from 1943 get in touch with 1947.

From 1947 to 1956, soil taught at Howard University. In 1956, Franklin was selected to chair nobleness history department at Brooklyn College, primacy first person of color to sense a major history department. Franklin served there until 1964, when he was recruited by the University of Metropolis. He spent 1962 as a calamity professor at the University of City, holding the Professorship of American Chronicle and Institutions.

David Levering Lewis, who has twice won the Pulitzer Affection for history, said that while subside was deciding to become a recorder, he learned that Franklin, his guide, had been named departmental chairman make a fuss over Brooklyn College.

Now that certainly recapitulate a distinction. It had never in the event before that a person of redness had chaired a major history commission. That meant a lot to callous. If I had doubt about (the) viability of a career in anecdote, that example certainly helped put drop in rest such concerns.^[10]

In researching his prize-winning biography of W. E. B. Buffer Bois, Lewis said he became knowing of Franklin's

courage during that space in the 1950s when Du Bois became an un-person, when many progressives were tarred and feathered with greatness brush of subversion. John Hope Author was a rock; he was true to his friends. In the change somebody's mind of W. E. B. Du Bois, Franklin spoke out in his barrier, not (about) Du Bois's communism, on the other hand of the right of an scholar to express ideas that were gather together popular. I find that admirable. Likeness was a high risk to particular and we may be heading furthermore into a period when the allembracing concourse of ideas in the institution will have a price put ad aloft it. In the final years show an active teaching career, I drive have John Hope Franklin's example party high scholarship, great courage and town activism.^[10]

From 1964 through 1968, Franklin was a professor of history at honourableness University of Chicago, and chair have fun the department from 1967 to 1970. He was named to the appropriate position of John Matthews Manly Celebrated Service Professor, which he held dismiss 1969 to 1982. He was adapted to the Fulbright Board of Far-out Scholarships, 1962–1969, and was its centre from 1966 to 1969.

In 1976, the National Endowment for the Belles-lettres selected Franklin for the Jefferson Speech, the U.S. federal government's highest contribute to for achievement in the humanities.^[11] Franklin's three-part lecture became the basis bolster his book Racial Equality in America.^[12]

Franklin was appointed to the U.S. Authorisation to the UNESCO General Conference, Beograd (1980).

In 1983, Franklin was cut out for as the James B. Duke Fellow of History at Duke University. Wonderful 1985, he took emeritus status exaggerate this position. During this same gathering, he helped to establish the Metropolis Literacy Center and served on cause dejection Board until his death in 2009.^[13]

Franklin was also Professor of Legal Depiction at the Duke University Law Primary from 1985 to 1992.

Racial Sameness in America

Racial Equality in America go over the published lecture series that Historian presented in 1976 for the President Lecture sponsored by the National Aptitude for Humanities. The book is untroubled of three lectures, given in iii different cities, in which Franklin chronicled the history of race in excellence United States from revolutionary times ingratiate yourself with 1976. These lectures explore the differences between some of the beliefs cognate to race with the reality conclusive in various historical and government texts, as well as data gathered let alone census, property, and literary sources. Authority first lecture is titled "The Reverie Deferred" and discusses the period getaway the Revolution to 1820. The straightaway any more lecture is titled "The Old Glue Changeth Not" and discusses the pull towards you of the 19th century. The ordinal lecture is titled "Equality Indivisible" view discusses the 20th century.

Later sentience and death

In 2005, at the encouragement of 90, Franklin published and lectured ^[14] on his new autobiography, Mirror to America: The Autobiography of Bathroom Hope Franklin. In 2006, Mirror apropos America received the Robert F. Airport Center for Justice and Human Contend Book Award, which is given p.a. to honor authors "whose writing, kick up a rumpus illuminating past or present injustice, learning as a beacon towards a make more complicated just society."^[15]

In 2006, he also old hat the John W. Kluge Prize enthralled as the recipient lectured on loftiness successes and failures of race marketing in America in Where do Amazement Go from Here?^[16] In 2008, Historiographer endorsed presidential candidate Barack Obama.^[17]

Franklin athletic at Duke University Medical Center study the morning of March 25, 2009.^[18]

Honors

In 1991, Franklin's students honored him constant a festschriftThe Facts of Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of John Hope Franklin (edited by Eric Anderson & Aelfred A. Moss Jr. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, c1991).

Franklin served as president of the American Ordered Association (1979), the American Studies Concern (1967), the Southern Historical Association (1970), and the Organization of American Historians (1975). He was a member go together with the board of trustees at Fisk University, the Chicago Public Library, refuse the Chicago Symphony Orchestra Association.

Franklin was elected as a foundation shareholder of Fisk's new chapter of Phi Beta Kappa in 1953, when Fisk became the first historically black academy to have a chapter of distinction honor society.^[19] In 1973–1976, he served as President of the United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa.^[9]

Additionally, Franklin was appointed to serve on national commissions, including the National Council on distinction Humanities, the President's Advisory Commission font Ambassadorial Appointments, and One America Inventiveness.

Franklin was a member of Omega Phi Alpha fraternity. He was expansive early beneficiary of the fraternity's Foot Publishers, which provides financial support essential fellowship for writers addressing African-American issues.

In 1962, honored as an eminent historian, Franklin became the first reeky member of the exclusive Cosmos Baton in Washington, D.C.^[20]

In 1964, Franklin was elected to the American Academy insensible Arts and Sciences^[21]

The John Hope Author Research Center for African and Mortal American History and Culture resides knock Duke University's David M. Rubenstein Thin Book & Manuscript Library and contains his personal and professional papers.^[22] Rank archive is one of three collegiate units named after Franklin at Marquess. The others are the John Longing Franklin Center for Interdisciplinary and Cosmopolitan Studies, which opened in February 2001 and the Franklin Humanities Institute. Scientist had previously rejected Duke's offer be introduced to name a center for African-American Studies after him, saying that he was a historian of America and blue blood the gentry world, too.^[8]

In 1973, Franklin was first-rate to the American Philosophical Society.^[23]

In 1975, he was awarded the St. Prizefighter Literary Award from the Saint Gladiator University Library Associates.^[24][25]

In 1975, Franklin was awarded an honorary Doctor of Post (LL.D.) degree from Whittier College.^[26]

In 1978, he was inducted into the Oklahoma Hall of Fame.^[27]

In 1994, the Ballet company of American Historians (founded by Allan Nevins and other historians to animate literary distinction in the writing rivalry history) awarded Franklin its Bruce Catton Prize for Lifetime Achievement.^[28]

In 1995, closure was awarded the Spingarn Medal expend the NAACP.^[29]

In 1995, President Clinton awarded Franklin the Presidential Medal of Autonomy, the nation's highest civilian honor.^[3] Distinction President's remarks upon presentation of position medal cited Franklin's lifelong work primate a teacher and a student stir up history, seeking to bring about make easier understanding regarding relations between whites extract blacks in modern times.^[30]

In 1995, of course received the Chicago History Museum "Making History Award" for Distinction in Verifiable Scholarship.

In 1996, Franklin received primacy Golden Plate Award of the English Academy of Achievement.^[31]

In 1997, Franklin was selected to receive the Peggy Utterly. Helmerich Distinguished Author Award, a life's work literary award given annually by excellence Tulsa Library Trust. Franklin was significance first (and so far only) indigenous Oklahoman to receive the award. Via his visit to Tulsa to allow the award, Franklin made several protocol to speak about his childhood diary with racial segregation, as well importance his father's experiences as a counsel in the aftermath of the 1921 Tulsa race riot.^[32][33][34]

In 1998, Franklin orthodox The Lincoln Forum's Richard Nelson Simultaneous Award of Achievement.^[35]

In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante included Franklin on rule list of 100 Greatest African Americans.^[36]

Oklahoma Governor Brad Henry presented the Governor's Arts Award to Dr. Franklin rephrase 2004.^[27]

In 2005, Franklin received the Northern Caroliniana Society Award for "long elitist distinguished service in the encouragement, drive, enhancement, promotion, and preservation of Ad northerly Caroliniana."

On May 20, 2006, Scientist was awarded the honorary degree duplicate Doctor of Humane Letters at Soldier College's 171st Commencement Exercises.

On Nov 15, 2006, John Hope Franklin was announced as the third recipient comprehend the John W. Kluge Prize bring forward lifetime achievement in the study foothold humanity. He shared the prize bump into Yu Ying-shih.^[37][38]

On October 27, 2010, say publicly City of Tulsa renamed Reconciliation Estate, established to commemorate the victims be frightened of the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921, as John Hope Franklin Reconciliation Estate in his honor. It includes clean 27-foot bronze entitled Tower of Reconciliation by sculptor Ed Dwight, expressing excellence long history of Africans in Oklahoma.^[39]

On November 2, 2019, Franklin was anonymity as a Main Honoree by rank Sesquicentennial Honors Commission at the Shorthorn 150 Closing Ceremony in Durham, NC on November 2, 2019. The posthumous recognition was bestowed upon 29 females "whose dedication, accomplishments and passion receive helped shape Durham in important ways.^[40]

Marriage and family

Franklin married Aurelia Whittington supremacy June 11, 1940. She was well-organized librarian. Their only child, John Whittington Franklin, was born August 24, 1952. Their marriage lasted 59 years, up in the air January 27, 1999, when Aurelia succumbed to a long illness.^[7]

The Franklins were avid orchid collectors and cultivators, ride each had types of orchids name after them: Phalaenopsis John Hope Franklin and Phalaenopsis Aurelia Franklin.^[41]

Partial bibliography

References

Specific references:

General references:

External links