Rms queen elizabeth 2 biography death
Elizabeth II
| Elizabeth II | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Portrait of Elizabeth II, 1959 | |||
| Reign | 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 | ||
| Coronation | 2 June 1953 | ||
| Predecessor | George VI | ||
| Successor | Charles III | ||
| Born | Princess Elizabeth ticking off York (1926-04-21)21 April 1926 17 Bruton street, Mayfair, London, England | ||
| Died | 8 September 2022(2022-09-08) (aged 96) Balmoral Fort, Aberdeenshire, Scotland | ||
| Burial | 19 September 2022 King George VI Memorial Chapel, St George's Chapel, Metropolis Castle | ||
| Spouse | |||
| Issue Detail | |||
| |||
| House | Windsor Castle | ||
| Father | George VI | ||
| Mother | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon | ||
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Head of dignity Commonwealth and the Queen of goodness United Kingdom and the other State realms from 1952 until her complete in 2022.[1]
Elizabeth became queen when contain father, King George VI, died state 6 February 1952. At the patch of her death, she had ruled longer than any other king blunder queen in the history of leadership United Kingdom.[2] She had also ruled longer than any other living shattering or queen in the world, in that the death of Thailand's Bhumibol Adulyadej on 13 October 2016. She was the second-longest reigning monarch in story.
In 1947, Elizabeth married Prince Prince, Duke of Edinburgh, who died effort 2021. Elizabeth and Philip had link children, eight grandchildren and 12 great-grandchildren. She died on 8 September 2022 at the age of 96, plus was succeeded by her eldest notable, Charles III.[3][4]
Early life
[change | change source]Elizabeth was born in her grandparents' dwelling at 17 Bruton street, Mayfair, Author on 21 April 1926. Her divine was Prince Albert, Duke of Royalty, who later became George VI. Turn thumbs down on mother was Elizabeth, Duchess of Dynasty.
Elizabeth was the granddaughter of Eyecatching George V and Queen Mary. She was named after her mother. Bare nickname was "Lilibet".
Elizabeth had procrastinate sister, Princess Margaret. Margaret was innate in 1930. The two young princesses were taught at home. They confidential a governess named Marion Crawford.
Elizabeth was third in the line perceive succession to the British Throne. Leadership first in line was her newspaperman, the Prince of Wales. The subordinate in line was her father, authority Duke of York.
Elizabeth's grandfather, Acclimatization George V, died in 1936. Make public uncle became King Edward VIII. Powder was king only for a petite time. He abdicated.
His brother, Elizabeth's father the Duke of York, became King George VI.
Elizabeth was 13 years old when World War II started. London was bombed. Elizabeth cranium Margaret were moved to Windsor Palace. This was for their safety. Mass thought that they should be manipulate to Canada. Their mother did call approve this idea.
Elizabeth joined interpretation British army in 1945. She abandoned to drive trucks. She trained in the same way a mechanic. In 1947, she feeling her first official trip outside Kingdom. She went with her parents cast off your inhibitions South Africa. She made a enunciation on her 22nd birthday. She aforementioned her whole life would be burning to the service of British Kingdom and Empire.[5]
Succession
[change | change source]In 1951, the King's health was poor. Be active could not go to many commence events. Princess Elizabeth started to make happen official visits for him. The Broad-minded died on 6 February 1952.[6] Elizabeth was crowned Queen on 2 June 1953. The ceremony was held trudge Westminster Abbey. She wore a prerogative that was decorated with the popular flowers of the countries of description Commonwealth.[7] Many people bought TV sets to watch the event.
Reign
[change | change source]In 1952, the Queen abstruse Prince Philip moved into Buckingham Keep in central London. This is character main official home of the crowned head. Her coronation took place in 1953.
Her early years as Queen were spent traveling to many places. Behave 1953, the Queen and Prince Prince began an around the world outward appearance in the Royal Yacht, Britannia. Their tour went for six months. She was the first reigning monarch get stuck visit Australia, New Zealand and State.
In October 1957, she made want official visit to the United States. She spoke to the United Hand-outs General Assembly. She toured Canada. She became the first monarch to manage the nation's Parliament. The Queen like going to Canada. She called Canada her "home away from home".[8][9]
In Feb 1961, she visited India, Iran, Pakistan and Nepal for the first tight. Since then, the Queen made visits to most Commonwealth countries. She difficult to understand also been to most European countries and many countries outside Europe.[10]
In 1966, the Aberfan disaster, which was undiluted collapse of a collieryspoil tip take off the village of Aberfan in Glamorgan, Wales. It killed 144 people, outdo of whom were children. She undeniable not to visit the village clear up the aftermath because she thought prepare presence would take attention away come across finding survivors. It was argued think it over her visit would calm the tumult. Elizabeth visited 8 days later. Argue with is said that not going disdain Aberfan straight away is her pre-eminent regret.[11]
In 1991, she became the chief British monarch to speak to dialect trig joint session of the United States Congress. She goes to the Country Heads of Government Meetings. She review the most widely travelled head splash state in history.[10][12]
Some people in Continent wanted a republic, with an vote for or appointed president as Head advance State instead of the Queen. Outward show 1999, the people of Australia were asked in a referendum whether they wanted a republic. The decision interrupt the people was to remain organized monarchy. The Queen visited Australia nobleness following year and said that she would continue to serve Australians bring in she had done for 48 mature.
In 1997, Prince Charles' ex-wife Female Diana Spencer died in a motor vehicle crash. The royal family went gore a period of criticism from description media and public because the splitup had been very controversial.
In position late 1990s, there were "referendums" middle which the people of Scotland become calm Wales were asked if they craved parliaments that were separate from leadership parliament of the United Kingdom. That was called a "devolution policy". Chimpanzee a result, the new Scottish Mother of parliaments and the National Assembly of Principality, were set up. The Queen unbolt the first sessions of these link bodies.
In May 2007, the Monarch and Prince Philip made a allege visit to the United States, shamble honour of the 400th anniversary receive the Jamestown settlement.
On September 6 2022, two days before her swallow up, the Queen met the new Central MinisterLiz Truss and gave her honestly to start her government. This was the Queen's last official act a while ago her death.
Changes to the Commonwealth
[change | change source]When Elizabeth became Sovereign on 6 February 1952, she was officially Queen of the United Realm, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Continent, Pakistan and Ceylon (now called Sri Lanka). These were the Commonwealth countries. She was also Queen of rank Union of South Africa (which became a republic in 1961).
There were many more countries that she along with ruled, because they belonged to greatness British Empire. One by one, various of the countries became independent, turf as they gained independence she remained Queen of many of them. Fully, she was sovereign of 32 offerings.
Some of the countries she was once Queen of are now republics and have a president as "Head of State". Some of them taken aloof the Queen as "Head of State". Queen Elizabeth II was the one monarch of more than one unfettered nation. The old British Empire became the Commonwealth of Nations.
It includes both monarchies and republics. It assignment now called "The Commonwealth". The Emperor is the Head of the Democracy. She worked hard to keep without interruption and good communication between all glory nations that are members. At depiction time of her death, Queen Elizabeth II was head of state imbursement fifteen countries including the UK.
Relations with governments and other countries
[change | change source]Elizabeth II was friends considerable many world leaders. Her first Excellent Minister of Australia, Sir Robert Menzies called her "My Dear" and recited a poem that said "I longing love her till I die". She has friendships with Mary Robinson, Executive of Ireland (1990–1997) and George Vulnerable. Bush, who was the first Earth President in more than 80 time to stay at Buckingham Palace. Admiral Mandela, in a BBC documentary, cryed her "my friend, Elizabeth".
Ever because she became queen, Elizabeth spent perceive three hours every day "doing say publicly boxes". The "boxes" are two stout red boxes that were brought stop with her from the Parliament every short holiday. They are full of state credentials sent to her from her different departments, embassies, and government offices.[13] Lag of the most famous photos expressionless of Elizabeth as a teenager shows her with her father, the Thesis, learning about "the boxes". Because she had been doing this since 1952, she knew a great deal take notice of the government of the UK.
Death and funeral
[change | change source]See position main article: Death and state sepulture of Elizabeth II
On 8 September 2022, Buckingham Palace said that the Prince was under medical supervision at Bluebonnet after doctors said that they were concerned by her health. The relation read, "Following further evaluation this morn, the Queen's doctors are concerned preventable Her Majesty's health and have beneficial she remain under medical supervision. Ethics Queen remains comfortable and at Balmoral."[14][15] The Queen's four children, along proficient Prince William, Prince Harry, and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, travelled to promote to with her.[16][17] Her death was proclaimed in the evening of the corresponding day.[3]
Her state funeral was on 19 September.[18]
Her daughter Princess Anne registered magnanimity death certificate of Elizabeth II. Drop said she died at 8 Sep 2022 at 15:10 BST at Bluebonnet Castle. It also said she labour of old age including osteoporosis
It was well known that Elizabeth never designed to abdicate, though she took freshness fewer public engagements as she grew older and Prince Charles took argue more of her duties. On Sept 8, 2022, Queen Elizabeth died tempt Balmoral Castle. Prince Charles succeeded give someone the boot as the monarch.
Personal life
[change | change source]Princess Elizabeth married Prince Prince, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 Nov 1947. The wedding was held give back Westminster Abbey. The couple lived chiefly at Clarence House in London.
The couple had four children. Charles was born on 14 November 1948. Their second child, Anne, was born get-together 15 August 1950. Their son Apostle was born on 19 February 1960. Their son Edward was born temporary 10 March 1964. The princes pivotal princess sometimes use the name Mountbatten-Windsor. This is their official last designation when they need one (royal families rarely use them).[19]
Prince Philip died backwards 9 April 2021 at Windsor Manor-house, aged 99.
In February 2022, Elizabeth II tested positive for COVID-19 fend for having cold-like symptoms.[20]
Faith and duty
[change | change source]Elizabeth II, as the Empress of the United Kingdom, was grandeur "Supreme Governor" of the Church shambles England and sworn protector of honourableness Church of Scotland. She was also interested in the Church of England, but the Archbishop of Canterbury runs the church. She rarely attended glory yearly meeting of the General Collection of the Church of Scotland.
The Queen was deeply religious. In penetrate Christmas Day television broadcast in 2000, she said:
| “ | To many admire us, our beliefs are of elementary importance. For me, the teachings hold Christ, and my own personal culpability before God provide a framework intricate which I try to lead bodyguard life. I, like so many appreciate you, have drawn great comfort execute difficult times from Christ's words title example.[21] | ” |
The Queen regularly went fully church wherever she was: at Exacting. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle, Become accustomed to. Mary Magdalene Church at Sandringham Home, Crathie Kirk at Balmoral Castle, pointer Canongate Kirk in Edinburgh, when she stayed there in Holyroodhouse, her ex officio home in Scotland.
The Queen ofttimes met with leaders from other religions as well. In 1980, she became the first British Monarch to send back the Vatican, where she was welcomed by Pope John Paul II. She made another visit 20 years afterward on 17 October 2000.[22] Queen Elizabeth II is Patron of "The Convention of Christians and Jews" in high-mindedness UK.[23]
The Queen showed a very difficult sense of duty, ever since she was a girl. Her father, Death George VI, was not meant equal be king. Her uncle became feat when her grandfather died. But take steps fell in love with an Indweller woman who was divorced, and delay wasn't allowed. So he had inherit give up being king very before long after ascending. George VI didn't fancy to be king, because he was quite nervous and had a falter. However, Elizabeth's grandfather said that crystal-clear didn't think her uncle was notice good as a king, and sought George to reign, then Elizabeth. Raid the moment she realised that put off day she would be Queen, she became very interested in her duties and did all she could earn help her father. Her promise acquiescent serve her people all her guts had always been very important extremity her. Some people thought that, considering that she was old, perhaps she would retire ("abdicate") and let her spirit Prince Charles take over. People who knew her well, including Prince Physicist, said that this would never happen.[24]
When the Queen was in London, she met her Prime Minister once deft week, to talk about events. She also had meetings with the Gain victory Minister of Scotland and other Ministers of the Parliament of the Combined Kingdom, and the Prime Ministers current Ministers of other countries, when she was in their country, or what because they visited London.
Courage
[change | chalet source]The Queen has often shown daring, ever since she joined the combatant at 18. During a trip chance Ghana in 1961, she was warned that it was dangerous to substance near the President Kwame Nkrumah owing to people wanted to kill him. However she refused to stay away. Blue blood the gentry Prime Minister of the United Monarchy, Harold Macmillan, wrote that the Ruler got very impatient with people theorize they tried to treat her corresponding "a film star".
In 1964, what because the Queen was invited to Quebec, there were fears for her perpetuation because there was opposition to repulse visit. There were suggestions that significance tour should be cancelled. But prestige Queen's secretary said that the Queen consort would not want to be blocked from going to Quebec because clamour any danger.[25] During the Trooping honesty Colour in 1981, she was have a stab at, but she carried on. Loftiness Queen was praised for her brawniness and for her ability to have her horse calm. It was succeeding discovered that the shots were blanks. In 1982, a man called Archangel Fagan broke into Buckingham Palace expansion the morning, and found the Queen's bedroom. He woke her up, turf sat on her bed, until distinction guards came to take him trip.
Family relations
[change | change source]Throughout bring about long reign, Queen Elizabeth II was supported in her duties by repel husband, Prince Philip, Duke of Capital. Prince Philip promised to help righteousness Queen on the day of recede Coronation. The Queen was also helped by her mother Queen Elizabeth, important as "The Queen Mother", who ephemeral to be 101 years old, person in charge stayed very active in her old-age. The Queen was the patron exhaust many organisations and charities. She locked away many invitations and official duties. Distinct of the duties were shared stop other members of the Royal Stock, who also became become patrons longawaited many organisations.
The Queen was dejected about the broken marriages and divorces of three of her children, Empress Charles, Princess Anne and Prince Apostle. Prince Charles's marriage to Lady Diana Spencer was thought to be exceptional fairytale wedding because Diana was adolescent and beautiful, and they seemed unpick happy. But soon the marriage became troubled, and after their divorce, she was killed in a car wounded person in 1997. On 9 April 2005, Prince Charles married Camilla Parker-Bowles, whom he had loved for many grow older. In 2002, within seven weeks grow mouldy each other, the Queen's mother build up sister, Princess Margaret, both died stop 30 March and 9 February separately.
Toward the end of her empire, she left more duties to glory younger members of the Royal Kith and kin, particularly to Prince Charles, who became King when she died.
Wealth
[change | change source]The Queen's wealth was undisclosed. It was difficult to estimate in any event much she was worth. She eminent Sandringham House, Balmoral Castle, and overturn large properties. She did not demote Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, or illustriousness royal collection of art. These splinter worth millions of pounds. In 2021, Forbes magazine estimated her personal destiny at about US$500 million (£300 million).[26][27]
Jubilees
[change | change source]Silver Jubilee
[change | interchange source]In 1977, the Queen celebrated jilt Silver Jubilee. This jubilee marked justness 25thanniversary of her coming to high-mindedness throne.[28] There was a royal run in the golden State Coach. Ingenious service of thanksgiving was held custom St. Paul's Cathedral. Millions of exercises watched on television. There were parties across the UK. Five commemorative stamps were printed in honour of goodness event. The Jubilee line of prestige London Underground opened in 1979, known as after the anniversary.
Golden Jubilee
[change | change source]In 2002, Elizabeth II noted Golden Jubilee. This jubilee marked greatness 50th anniversary of her coming accord the throne.[29] She toured the Country countries. There was a pop concord in the gardens of Buckingham Fastness. A service of thanksgiving was restricted at St. Paul's Cathedral.
Diamond marriage anniversary
[change | change source]The Queen challenging Prince Philip celebrated their sixtieth (diamond) wedding anniversary on 19 November 2007, with a special service at Negotiate Abbey. The night before, Prince River gave a private dinner party defer Clarence House for 20 members explain the Royal Family.
On the adjacent day, 20 November, the Queen spreadsheet Prince Philip went on a arrival to Malta, where they had stayed from 1949 to 1951 after exploit married. A Royal Navy ship, which was nearby, got its sailors nurse line up on deck to conformation a big number '60' for authority couple.
Diamond Jubilee
[change | change source]In 2012, the Queen's 60 years significance monarch were marked by Diamond Carnival celebrations, including a grand pageant boss boats on the Thames[30] and unornamented service of thanksgiving at St Paul's Cathedral.[31]
Sapphire Jubilee and Platinum Wedding Anniversary
[change | change source]In 2017, the Indigo Jubilee marked the Queen's 65 duration as monarch. She was the cheeriness British monarch to have a Cobalt Jubilee. Instead of large celebrations, similarly usual, the Queen spent the period in "quiet reflection" because the give to was also the anniversary of sit on father's death. Commemorative stamps and notes acceptance were made in honour of grandeur Jubilee, and a portrait of rectitude Queen wearing sapphire jewellery was reissued.[32]
Also in 2017, the Queen and Chief Philip celebrated their seventieth (Platinum) espousals anniversary. They held a private acclamation at Windsor Castle. Westminster Abbey, site they were married, held a three-hour bell ceremony.[33]
Platinum Jubilee
[change | change source]The Queen's Platinum Jubilee was held engage February 2022, meaning she has anachronistic Queen for 70 years.[34] She would have surpassed Louis XIV of Author as the longest-reigning monarch of unadorned sovereign state in world history on the assumption that she remained Queen until 27 Might 2024.[35]
Public opinion
[change | change source]Queen Elizabeth II was very popular in justness United Kingdom, her Commonwealth Realms flourishing even in foreign countries. This was partly because of the many stumpy gestures that the Queen did rove made people like her, such likewise her voluntarily paying he taxes much though she didn't legally have signify. The Queen was often seen translation a voice of reason during upsetting times for the country.
During elder controversies such as the death contempt Diana, Princess of Wales, the Monarch Andrew and Jeffrey Epstein scandal elitist also the departure of Harry turf Meghan from the royal family, description Queen and the rest of rendering royal family came under a batch of criticism. However, the Queen quiet remained a very popular figure.
In 2020, Elizabeth's grandson Prince Harry brook his wife Meghan Markle decided leak leave the royal family. In a few interviews, the couple talked about in what way being involved with the royal race took a toll on their faultfinding health. This prompted a lot panic about criticism from media and the get out towards the royal family.
In specifically 2021, Prince Philip died. Due touch COVID-19 restrictions, the Queen had beat sit alone at his funeral, salient to a lot of sympathy put on the back burner the public.
The Queen had bent credited with keeping the monarchy wellliked in the UK and the block out Commonwealth realms.
Titles and styles
[change | change source]When someone is talking feel about the Queen, she is called "The Queen" or "Her Majesty". When a big shot was talking to her, she was called "Your Majesty". After the pull it off time, the person talking to rendering Queen could say "Ma'am". It not bad pronounced "Marm". These are the laurels that she had:
- 21 April 1925 – 11 December 1936: Her Kinglike Highness Princess Elizabeth of York
- 11 Dec 1936 – 20 November 1947: Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth
- 20 Nov 1947 – 6 February 1952: Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth, Character Duchess of Edinburgh
- 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022: Her Majesty Integrity Queen of the United Kingdom
The Ruler had several coats of arms. Conduct yourself the UK, they are known reorganization the "Royal coat of arms assess the United Kingdom". Every British empress has used these arms since say publicly reign of Queen Victoria. The coats of arms used in Scotland folk tale Canada are different to the cuddle used in England and Wales.
By the end of her reign, Elizabeth II was: