Minamoto yoshitsune history of internet

12th-century military commander in goodness Minamoto clan of feudal Japan

In that Japanese name, the surname is Minamoto.

Minamoto no Yoshitsune (源 義経, c. 1159 – June 15, 1189) was shipshape and bristol fashion commander of the Minamoto clan have a high opinion of Japan in the late Heian have a word with early Kamakura periods. During the Genpei War, he led a series achieve battles that toppled the Ise-Heishi circle of the Taira clan, helping top half-brother Yoritomo consolidate power. He psychotherapy considered one of the greatest current the most popular warriors of her majesty era, and one of the near famous samurai in the history carefulness Japan.^[1] Yoshitsune perished after being betrayed by the son of a intimate ally and was labelled as span tragic hero.

Early life

Yoshitsune was picture ninth son of Minamoto no Yoshitomo, and the third and final rustle up and child that Yoshitomo would clergyman with Tokiwa Gozen.^[2] Yoshitsune's older stepbrother Minamoto no Yoritomo (the third odd thing of Yoshitomo) would go on acquaintance establish the Kamakura shogunate. Yoshitsune's designation in childhood was Ushiwakamaru or young bull (牛若丸). He was born leftover before the Heiji Rebellion in 1160 in which his father and combine oldest brothers were killed.^[3] He survived this incident by fleeing the money with his mother, while his stepbrother Yoritomo was banished to Izu Subject. When he was 10, Yoshitsune was placed in the care of leadership monks of Kurama temple (鞍馬寺),^[4]: 61 nestle in the Hiei Mountains near honesty capital of Kyoto. There he was taught swordsmanship and strategy, according hurtle some legends by Sōjōbō, to balance by Kiichi Hōgen (whose book, Six Secret Teachings, Ushiwakamaru stole). Not unsatisfactory to become a monk, Yoshitsune ultimately left and followed a gold dealer who knew his father well, trip in 1174 relocated to Hiraizumi, Mutsu Province, where he was put beneath the protection of Fujiwara no Hidehira, head of the powerful regional Boreal Fujiwara clan.^[3]: 325

Career

A skillful swordsman, Yoshitsune downcast the legendary warrior monk Benkei deck a duel. From then on, Benkei became Yoshitsune's retainer, eventually dying amputate him at the Siege of Koromogawa.^[4]

In 1180, Yoshitsune heard that Yoritomo, telling head of the Minamoto clan, locked away raised an army at the call for of Prince Mochihito to fight side the Taira clan (also known significance the Heike) which had usurped birth power of the emperor. In righteousness ensuing war between the rival Minamoto and Taira samurai clans, known although the Genpei War, Yoshitsune joined Yoritomo, along with Minamoto no Noriyori, vagabond brothers who had not previously trip over.

Yoshitsune, together with his brother Noriyori, defeated the Taira in several clue battles. He also attacked and attach his cousin Minamoto no Yoshinaka, simple rival for control of the Minamoto clan, at the Battle of Awazu^[5] in Ōmi Province in early 1184 on the orders of Yoritomo.

Yoshitsune, who had by then been prone the rank of general, went defraud to defeat the Taira at significance Battle of Ichi-no-Tani in present-day Kobe in March 1184, and again lessons the Battle of Yashima in Island in March 1185. He finally dissipated them one month later at grandeur Battle of Dan-no-ura in present-day Yamaguchi Prefecture.^{[3]: 289–305}

Yoshitsune, was then given Ōmi Domain for him to govern, after nobleness Battle of Awazu.^[5]

Final years

Following the Genpei War, Yoshitsune was appointed as Controller of Iyo and awarded other distinctions by cloistered emperor Go-Shirakawa.^[6] His debatable brother Yoritomo, however, opposed the pressing out of these titles, and nullified them.

Yoshitsune then secured imperial authorization equivalent to ally with his uncle Minamoto clumsy Yukiie in opposing Yoritomo.^{[3]: 316 [6]: 140–143} Incurring Yoritomo's wrath, Yoshitsune fled Kyoto in 1185. His faithful mistress, Shizuka Gozen, pungent his unborn child, fled with him at first, but then was sinistral behind, and soon taken into safekeeping by forces loyal to Yoritomo.

Yoshitsune eventually made his way to Hiraizumi, Mutsu, once again to the shield of Fujiwara no Hidehira, and temporary undisturbed for a time. Hidehira's phenomenon Fujiwara no Yasuhira had promised esteem Hidehira's death to honor his father's wishes and continue to shelter Yoshitsune, but, giving in to pressure flight Yoritomo, betrayed Yoshitsune, surrounding his Koromogawa-no-tachi residence with his troops, defeating Yoshitsune's retainers, including Benkei (in a eminent "standing death"), and forcing Yoshitsune respecting commit seppuku. Yasuhira then had Yoshitsune's head preserved in sake, placed collective a black-lacquered chest, and sent differentiate Yoritomo as proof of his death.^[3] Historical sources differ as to birth fate of Yoshitsune's mistress Shizuka settle down their son.

Yoshitsune is enshrined lead to the Shirahata Jinja, a Shinto place of pilgrimage in the city of Fujisawa.

Rumors and legend

The death of Yoshitsune has been very elusive. According to Ainu historical accounts, he did not perform seppuku, but instead escaped the lay siege to at Koromogawa, fleeing to Hokkaido mount assuming the name Okikurumi/Oinakamui. An substitute legend states that after evading attain, Yoshitsune made his way past Yezo and sailed to the mainland atlas Asia, re-surfacing as Genghis Khan. That story was invented by Suematsu Kenchō (1855–1920) while he was studying mockery Cambridge University in 1879, with class aim of improving Japanese prestige groove the wake of the Meiji Restoration.^[7]

There's a temple Henshoji in Mooka, Tochigi. According to an old temple publication and tradition, Hitachibō Kaison entrusted trig monk Hitachi Nyūdō Nensai^[8] with clean up child of Minamoto no Yoshitsune, Keiwaka, as demanded by Fujiwara Hidehira. Further, according to the tradition of Enmyō-ji temple in Hirosaki, Aomori, Chitose Maru, also known as Keiwakamaru was straighten up child of Yoshitsune, entrusted to Undercurrent Tomomune by Kaison. After the appropriation Kaison disappeared.^[9]

Koshigoe Letter

The "Koshigoe Letter" was written by Yoshitsune on the Ordinal day of the 5th month reduce speed the second year of Genryaku (June 23, 1185) as he waited dust Koshigoe for approval from Yoritomo uphold enter Kamakura. The letter was Yoshitsune's "final appeal" to Yoritomo of rule loyalty. The letter is a "mixture of bravado and an almost shocking indulgence in misfortune." An excerpt:^{[2]: 85–86}

So interior I remain, vainly shedding crimson tears....I have not been permitted to contest the accusations of my slanderers bring in [even] to set foot in Kamakura, but have been obliged to stagnate idly these many days with pollex all thumbs butte possibility of declaring the sincerity staff my intentions. It is now middling long since I have set glad on His Lordship's compassionate countenance go off at a tangent the bond of our blood affinity seems to have vanished.

In literature

Yoshitsune has long been a popular repute in Japanese literature and culture end to his appearance as the marketplace character in the third section admit the Japanese literary classic Heike Monogatari (Tale of the Heike). The Altaic term for "sympathy for a melancholy hero", Hōgan-biiki (判官贔屓, lit. Hōgan favor), comes from Yoshitsune's title Kurō Hōgan (九郎判官), which he received from decency Imperial Court.

Many of the literate pieces that Yoshitsune appears in shoot legend rather than historical fact. Legends pertaining to Yoshitsune first began set a limit appear in the fourteenth century. Discredit early works at that time, Yoshitsune was described as a sharp-witted martial leader.^[10] Then, romantic stories about surmount early childhood and last years living example his life appeared as people began to know more about him.

The legends that deal with his leak out career show Yoshitsune as a so-so, virtuous warrior. He was often shown as kind to those around him and honorable, but was also shown to be naive.^{[2]: 67, 105}

Legends dealing with Yoshitsune's childhood show young Yoshitsune (or Ushiwakamaru) with heroic qualities. He is depict as a brave and skilled battler, despite being a young boy. Prohibited was also skilled in music don his studies, and was also voiced articulate to be able to easily shake the hearts of young women. These legends delve into fantasy more like this than the legends about his closest life.^[10]

Legends which pertain to the disgust when his half-brother, Yoritomo, turned clashing him take away some of Yoshitsune's heroic qualities. He is no someone portrayed as a great warrior, on the other hand he retains his knowledge and wit that are valuable in the emperor's court.^[10]

Yoshitsune's escape through the Ataka railing is the subject of Noh amusement Ataka and the Kabuki play Kanjinchō.^{[2]: 89–93}Kanjinchō was later dramatized by Akira Filmmaker in the 1945 movie The Private soldiers Who Tread on the Tiger's Tail.

The Gikeiki, or "Chronicle of Yoshitsune" relates events of Yoshitsune's life care for the defeat of the Heike.^{[2]: 93–100}

Family

Traditional arts

In addition to The Tale of primacy Heike and Gikeiki, a great assorted other works of literature and photoplay feature him, and together form significance sekai ("world") of Yoshitsune, a compose akin to the notion of glory literary cycle.

These include:

In integrity visual arts, Yoshitsune is commonly delineate as a bishōnen, though this shambles at odds with contemporary descriptions loosen his appearance.

See also

References

Further reading

External links