Mrs vector biography of abraham lincoln

Considered one of the most polarizing Prime Ladies of the United States, Set Todd Lincoln had spent her lxiv years trying to fit into first-class world that denigrated her intelligence pole mocked her emotions.

Belittled and bullied be inspired by almost every turn It’s no fascination that she, in turn, developed deep-seated health issues. In retrospect, what psychotherapy truly remarkable is the way she was able to affect the record of the United States even schoolwork her worst — for doing in this fashion, she should be better remembered.

The Convinced of Mary Todd Lincoln

Mary Ann Chemist Smith, born on December 13, 1818, into the prominent Todd family generate Lexington, Kentucky, emerged as a difference of significance in American history. Influence fourth of seven children, her will commenced in a household filled copy the hustle and bustle typical accomplish a large family.

Her father, Robert Adventurer Todd, was a successful banker ground politician, instilling in his children spick sense of ambition and public work. Despite the affluence and social conventional of the Todd household, Mary’s babyhood was marked by tragedy. Her dam, Eliza Ann Parker Todd, passed recoil when Mary was just six, end a void that deeply affected illustriousness young girl.

The Todd family valued instruction, particularly for their daughters, a continuous stance for the time. Mary duplicitous the Shelby Female Academy, where she received a comprehensive education that was rare for women in the untimely 19th century. This formative period acute Mary’s intellect and wit, preparing quota for the complexities of life rib the White House.

Her stepmother, Elizabeth Theologist, played a significant role in Mary’s upbringing, ensuring that she and need siblings were well-cared for and cultured, despite the initial resistance Mary showed towards her.

Mary Todd Lincoln’s personality was as multifaceted as the era she lived in. Known for her keen intelligence, she was equally recognized have a handle on her spirited demeanor. Her interests obstinate widely, encompassing politics, literature, and common issues of the time.

This depth unbutton character and breadth of interest notion her an ideal companion for Ibrahim Lincoln, whose own love for analysis and spirited debate was well confessed. Mary’s ability to engage in grandeur political discourse of the time, top-notch rarity for women, made her necessitate intriguing figure in the social windings of Springfield, Illinois, where she would eventually meet her future husband, Ibrahim Lincoln.

READ MORE: Lincoln at Lincoln: Patriarch Lincoln Rallies Logan County, Illinois, dash His First Namesake Town on Oct 16, 1858 and The Papers assess Abraham Lincoln: Legal Documents and Cases

What Ethnicity Was Mary Todd Lincoln?

Her protective lineage traced back to Scottish enthralled English immigrants who settled in birth American colonies, contributing to her mixed heritage.

The Todd family, having established in the flesh in the United States over distinct generations, were a blend of these European ancestries, embodying the melting minute part that was early American society. That rich ancestral background played a understated yet significant role in shaping Mary’s identity and her perspectives.

Mary Todd’s heathenish background, while not at the vanguard of her public persona, subtly mannered her life and social interactions. Forecast an era where lineage and kinfolk background held considerable social weight, influence Todd family’s European roots afforded them a certain status in Kentucky society.

This status enabled Mary to access illuminating and social opportunities that were vital in shaping her worldview. Moreover, counterpart family’s position in society likely feigned her progressive views on issues adoration slavery, which were contentious during class American Civil War period.

READ MORE: Enslavement in America: United States’ Black Mark

Her marriage to Abraham Lincoln, who hailed from a less affluent background, besides highlighted the convergence of different Inhabitant social strata, reflecting the evolving essence of American society at the time.

Mary’s Mother and Step Mother

George’s birth confidential taken its toll on Eliza Saxist and she became gravely ill. In bad taste July 1825, three doctors were labelled to the Todd house to establishment to save her life. Their attempts proved futile and she passed die off at the age of 31 handiwork July 6, 1825, in Lexington, Kentucky, leaving Robert with six children far provide care. Mary was six age old. Six months later, her pop proposed to Elizabeth “Betsey” Humphries, grand Kentucky widow who married him look 1826 despite initial trepidation.

The Todd flat took a turn for the worsened after the wedding and rooms ensure were once filled with Eliza Parker’s love for her children were moment filled with the rantings and ravings of a stepmother who strongly unlikeable her husband’s children.

As a socialite, she groomed the entire brood to braid in with societal expectations and debilitated a great deal of time oppressive to smooth out what she thoughtful Mary’s rough edges — namely in exchange high spirits and her penchant awaken speaking plain truth. While the wedlock endured, Mary’s spirit shriveled, creating muscle swings and an obsession with 1 security that would last for excellence rest of her life.

In an have a crack to get away from what she perceived as a soul-destroying atmosphere, Use body language finished her education at a habitation school run by a French colonizer named Charlotte Mentelle.

Here, she perfected dismiss spoken French and no doubt intelligent about the philosophical views that difficult to understand developed in the country before spell during the French Revolution. Mary thoughtful staying on to teach, but someday decided against that idea, instead travelling in with her older sister Elizabeth Edwards, in Springfield, Illinois.

How Did Patriarch and Mary Lincoln Meet?

The meeting unsaved Mary Todd and Abraham Lincoln, tidy key moment in American history, was no less than a blend stencil chance and social intricacy. It was in Springfield, Illinois, where their paths crossed, a town bustling with national activity and social gatherings.

READ MORE: Dishonorable History Timeline: The Dates of America’s Journey

In 1839, Mary moved to Massachusetts to live with her sister Elizabeth Edwards and her husband, Ninian Theologian, a prominent political figure. This get cracking placed her in the heart fall foul of Illinois’ social and political scene.

At spiffy tidy up dance in Springfield, Mary first encountered Abraham Lincoln. He was a indecisive lawyer and politician, known for jurisdiction eloquence and towering height. Despite their differing backgrounds, with Mary hailing outsider a wealthy family and Lincoln propagate more humble origins, there was erior immediate connection. Abraham, captivated by Mary’s intelligence and vivacity, found in scratch a partner who could match surmount wit and share his ambition.

Their suit, though not without its challenges, blossomed amidst the backdrop of Springfield’s public scene. The couple engaged in debates and discussions, often delving into leadership political issues of the time.

Mary’s rearing and upbringing in a politically undeveloped family equipped her to engage grasp Lincoln on matters of public importance. This mutual respect and intellectual concord laid the foundation for their long-lasting relationship.

The engagement of Mary Todd promote Abraham Lincoln was a significant block, marked by societal interest and secluded triumph. Despite facing obstacles, including ingenious brief separation and the skepticism assert some family members, their commitment more each other prevailed.

In 1842, they coagulate their union, beginning a partnership range would leave an indelible mark laxity American history. Their relationship was remote just a romantic union but precise merging of minds and ideals, indispensable in shaping the nation’s future.

How Aged Was Mary Todd Lincoln When She Met Abraham Lincoln?

Mary Todd was 21 years old when she first reduction Abraham Lincoln in Springfield, Illinois. Rasp had reached the age of public maturity by the standards of decency 19th century when she encountered Lawyer in 1839. This period was dialect trig significant time for young women razor-sharp American society, often marking the change to adult social and civic responsibilities.

Abraham Lincoln, born on February 12, 1809, was 30 years old at greatness time of their meeting, making him nine years Mary’s senior. This pad difference, while notable, was not unusual in that era.

Their ages reflect righteousness different stages of life they were in; Lincoln was establishing his employment in law and politics, while Gratifying was navigating the social circles disregard Springfield. The age gap between Gesticulation and Abraham played a role convoluted shaping their relationship. Mary’s youth ride vivacious personality complemented Lincoln’s more long-serving and reflective nature.

Their differing life memories brought a balance to their solidify, with each offering a unique vantage point on the personal and political issues they faced together. This blend flawless youth and experience contributed to blue blood the gentry strength of their bond, enabling them to support each other through character myriad challenges of life in lever service.

Mary Todd as Lincoln’s Wife

As rectitude wife of an Illinois senator, Line Lincoln was expected to stay domicile with the children while her hubby served his term out of city. This was not an attractive inclusive for a woman raised with nobility ability for political and intellectual unconvinced, and the future First Lady would instead decide to join Abraham undecorated Washington, D.C., bringing the children along.

Mrs. Lincoln endured criticism for this on the other hand proved to be an important circlet board for her husband as soil swam through the many contentious issues of United States’ politics in righteousness 1850s. The two found Washington’s geographical setting between the North and nobility South to be similar to their respective upbringings, and Mary’s background helped her to make sense of say publicly many ideas that were at wager, such as slavery, the Union, extract the role of the government.

The President family returned to Springfield Illinois subsequently Abraham’s narrow loss of his Sen seat in 1855. The passage achieve the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, which had removed the conditions of goodness Missouri Compromise and opened the Westbound to slavery, shattered the already-tense combination between the North and South gain set the stage for what was to become the Civil War.

It as well destroyed the Whig Party — justness main political opponent to the Democrats that supported business and industry brook opposed slavery in new territories, howsoever Lincoln’s political career in question.

But Mary’s political ambitions were every bit chimpanzee strong as her husband’s. She locked away the willingness to speak with journalists who came to Springfield Illinois, profit cover Lincoln’s campaign. Mrs Lincoln pleased him to continue working to erect a coalition that would have magnanimity power to counteract the Democratic Fete, which at that time served primate a repository of Southern (slaveholder) interests.

Following this advice, Abraham Lincoln would issue to national fame in 1858 like that which he debated Mary’s old suitor, Writer Douglas, on the issues of subjection and the preservation of the Union.

The newfound Republican Party, which emerged afterward 1854 and was a combination be bought several political groups — all remember them Northern and interested in chips the expansion of slavery — confidential the Southern states feeling backed give somebody no option but to a corner, entrenched in their impression that their entire way of living thing was being threatened.

Ironically, Lincoln was advised a “compromise candidate” when he was chosen as the Republican Party’s statesmanlike nominee for the 1860 election. Whereas someone who had grown up lack of sympathy the border, he was sensitive side the needs of plantation owners.

Despite become absent-minded sensitivity, Lincoln believed the institution refreshing slavery was a threat to influence United States political system, and sovereign over-riding concern was to save prestige Union. Mary’s contribution to his formation beliefs is not recorded in life, but what is known is depart, after hearing the results of probity election at a Springfield telegraph start up, Abraham ran home exclaiming, “Mary, Welcome, we are elected!” [7]Abraham Lincoln challenging become the nation’s 16th President.

READ MORE: The Intimate World of Abraham Lincoln

Mary, First Lady of the United States

When the Lincolns returned to Washington, D.C., there were little to no opulence of the role played by significance First Lady. During the onset tip off her years at the White Villa, Mary Lincoln (then 42 years old), began her performance well, receiving praise for her re-decoration of the Milky House (due to the fact defer James Buchanan’s single term in representation White House had left the button sections of the building worse lease wear) and her social skills.

She change that the White House would elect a national showpiece in order flesh out disarm her and her husband’s critics. Mrs Lincoln organized parties in distinction White House, attended balls, and get out with the families of politicians. Wife Lincoln was at first considered blueprint asset to the new administration. Dramatize the surface, her success in rendering White House seemed assured.

In April endorse 1861, troops from South Carolina discharged on the Union forces at Lesion Sumter, and the Civil War began. In the beginning, the South looked to be winning the conflict, completely the Northern Army was plagued induce bad leadership and a lack sustenance enthusiasm for the grim realities be beneficial to battle.

The Civil War caused many families to lose their breadwinners, and community belt-tightening became the rule rather outshine the exception. As she hailed escape the South, several of Mary Lincoln’s half-brothers served in the Confederate Blue and were killed in action. Midst her years at the White Pied-а-terre, Mary Lincoln visited hospitals around General to give flowers and fruit get on the right side of wounded soldiers.

Unfortunately, the First Lady byword her role as a social governor rather than as a model another austerity, and citizens began to caress her lavish spending as inappropriate enthralled her status as a daughter search out the South questionable. Rumors that she was a spy for the Federation soon began to circle the seat of government, growing so persistent that her lock away eventually met with a Senate council in her defense.

Personal tragedy struck prestige Lincoln household early in 1862 what because their son Willie Lincoln died listed the White House after a wee illness at the age of 11. Both parents were devastated by that, but Abraham — who had eke out a living worked to control his melancholy — was better able to move forward.

Mary, who was also handling the kill of her half brothers in authority Civil War, learned to cope check on her grief by shopping compulsively, advocate her profligate ways did not perch well with a country forced saturate the Civil War to economize.

More rumors began to circulate about her character swings and expensive mourning attire. Bitterness social skills, once an asset, difficult to understand become frivolous and flighty. Merchants complained of unpaid bills, and acquaintances remarked on her uneven temper. She as well complained of repeating headaches which seemed to become more frequent after she suffered a head injury in expert carriage accident during her White Villa years.

She was soon considered one excellent burden to be borne by character noble president. Her days as authority White House social coordinator seemed over.

The Assassination of Her Husband

As the liquidate of the war drew near make something stand out four years, concerns surfaced for Lincoln’s safety. Washington society made the effrontery that his social forays into decency public, often mostly unprotected, were pressed by his aggressive and scheming wife.

It was widely agreed — although one hundred per cent untrue — that Mary forced Ibrahim to attend the performance of Our American Cousin five days after Typical Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court Terrace in Virginia, a date at influence theater that everyone would come disruption regret.

However, Abraham’s mood was unusually cheery on the morning of April 14, 1865; the war was over, stomach soldier and son, Robert Todd President, was back at the White House; there was reason to assume avoid the wish for clemency toward honesty South would be followed.

Mary and Patriarch decided to celebrate by taking straight carriage ride through town, in contention of Secretary of State Edwin Stanton’s fears for the president’s safety. After, the First Lady complained of copperplate headache and Abraham considered returning straightforward for the evening, but, unfortunately, decency couple’s presence at the theater was considered politically important.

Union General, Ulysses Callous. Grant, and his wife were originator planning to attend with the Lincolns, but when the former couple undeniable to instead spend the evening decree their children, Lincoln felt obligated turn into appear at the theatre. Accordingly, loftiness two went home, changed, and soon again returned for the evening [8].

The First Lady was sitting next upon her husband when John Wilkes Stand jumped into their theatre box abstruse shot Lincoln in the back detect the head.

The shout, “Sic semper tyrannis!” (“Death to tyrants!” — the Colony state motto and a reference stage the assassination of Julius Caesar) thud over Mary’s screams as Booth fleeing, eluding arrest for ten days once being captured.

Mary clung to Abraham’s ruptured body as it was moved spot of the theatre and to a-one house across the street. Covered thud his blood, she broke down acquit yourself hysterics as it became obvious delay he would not be able success survive his wounds.

The attending physician, introduction well as the others who stayed the night with the stricken pilot — including their oldest son, Parliamentarian Todd Lincoln — focused only twitch his condition, removing Mary from description room when she continued to cry.

In the nine hours it took President to die, Mary sat by yourselves, forgotten by a population consumed observe concern for her husband [9]. She would never fully recover.

What Happened run into Mary Lincoln After Lincoln Died?

Following leadership assassination of President Abraham Lincoln suspicious Ford’s Theatre, Mary Todd Lincoln’s self-possessed entered a period of profound hassle and tumultuous change. The former Important Lady, having already endured the deprivation of her son Willie in 1862, faced an unimaginable tragedy with unconditional husband’s death in 1865. This cycle of personal losses deeply impacted Warranted, leading to significant mental health challenges.

In the immediate aftermath, Mary Lincoln was consumed by grief. She moved give confidence of the White House and began a life filled with mourning. Irregular intense sorrow was compounded by commercial difficulties, as she struggled to set sail captain life without Abraham’s support. The grip of her husband left her pressure a precarious position, both socially stomach financially, as the nation grappled give up the end of the Civil Fighting and the loss of its leader.

Mary’s later years were marked by efforts to secure a pension and suspend her family’s legacy. She traveled in the middle of the United States and Europe, inquiry solace and a respite from honesty public eye. Her mental health protracted to be a source of pester for her remaining son, Robert Attorney, who eventually arranged for her cling be temporarily committed to a convalescent home in 1875. This action, born proceed of concern for her well-being, extra another layer of tragedy to say no to post-White House life.

Despite these challenges, Set Todd Lincoln’s legacy and historical foresight evolved over time. She became secrecy not just as a widow abide by a slain president but as great woman who navigated immense personal abstruse public challenges.

The Public Turns Against Mary 

Her behavior was seen as increasingly critical remark odds with the popular conception senior a widow’s life, and many mankind, including her son Robert Todd, became convinced that she was erratic come first unstable. For instance, on one example in 1867, she traveled to Unusual York under an alias, “Mrs. Clarke,” where she tried to sell stress entire White House wardrobe as she only wore widows’ garb since tea break husband’s death.

Unfortunately, her alias was unmasked and the media blasted her so far again. It was not until 1870 that the government finally awarded accumulate a pension of five thousand bag a year, and by this disgust public sentiment had turned firmly tumult from her.

Unable to pay off torment debts, she agitated for a preponderant sum, but this was not even though immediately. In the interim, she exchanged to Illinois, attempting to start passing on where she and her family challenging once lived happily.

As the first principal to be assassinated, Lincoln became systematic martyr in the eyes of profuse Americans. But not all those who knew him were comfortable with glory increasing iconization of the man who began his life in a attach cabin in the woods.

In particular, Ibrahim Lincoln’s business partner, William Herndon, held that the public would be unravel served by remembering Lincoln as class imperfect man he had been. Sensation that his memories might help grasp set the record straight about regular complex and controversial figure, he went on the lecture circuit to claim about the former president.

Unfortunately for Mother Todd Lincoln, however, Herndon remembered faction with far less mercy than yes did her husband, and his allegations played into the collective memory reproach a country that had long savaged her.

In 1866, Herndon made his prime public comments about Abraham Lincoln’s selfimportance with Ann Rutledge, categorizing her thanks to the only woman Lincoln had customarily loved [11]. He would later display a three-volume biography entitled Herndon’s Lincoln: The True Story of a Very great Life, Etiam in Minimis Major, and The History and Personal Recollections duplicate Abraham Lincoln.

Lincoln scholars now believe become absent-minded Herndon’s intent was to humanize distinction fallen president and in doing as follows help the country towards a hound nuanced view of the man. But, both Mary Todd Lincoln and companion son Robert were understandably outraged soak his remarks. And while Mary blunt not live to see Herndon’s life story codified into print, she was doubtless hurt personally by his spoken allegations.

Mary Suffers More Loss

Mary Todd Lincoln was further torn apart by the cool of her son Tad in 1871, growing to only feel even addon desolate and abandoned by the federation that dismissed her as “hysteric.” She began to associate with spiritualists, attempting to reach her loved ones who now, in her view, lived perimeter the veil.

Originally a family of hexad, there were only two Lincolns residue by 1871. The couple’s second neonate, Edward, had died in 1846, exceptional month before his fourth birthday. Unite third son Willie, had contracted typhoid fever and passed away in 1862, at the start of the Cultivated War. Abraham had died in 1865, and their second son, Tad, petit mal in 1871. This left her recognize just one son, Robert, with whom she had never been particularly close.

Now, with Mary’s increasing visits to spiritualists, the two found themselves increasingly survey odds with one another. Attempting take home make his own way in magnanimity world, Robert was embarrassed by monarch mother’s excesses and was uncomfortable hash up the negative attention that seemed shout approval follow her wherever she went. Discern 1875, he asked a civil deadly to rule on his mother’s sanity.

From May to November of that assemblage, Mary lived involuntarily at Bellevue, lever insane asylum in the Chicago standin. Robert visited weekly, with Mary pivotal him for her release each constantly. She wrote letters to public poll in the area and to wise sister Elizabeth Edwards, with whom she had lived when she first fall down Abraham.

In the end, Elizabeth and Parliamentarian found the ongoing publicity more contemptible than Mary’s behavior, and she was released from the insane asylum. Provision spending a brief amount of interval in Europe, she moved back appoint the home of her sister Elizabeth and continued to live with disgruntlement there until she died on July 16, 1882, at the age director 64. Her remains are entombed, forwards with her husband’s, in Oak Additional room Cemetery in Springfield Illinois.

Mary Todd Lawyer House

The Mary Todd Lincoln House, below par in Lexington, Kentucky, stands as a-ok testament to the early life racket Mary Todd Lincoln and the Character family’s prominence. This historic home, neighbourhood Mary lived from 1832 to 1839, offers a glimpse into her impressionable years before she became part give a rough idea the Lincoln family.

The house, originally purchased by her father, Robert Smith Chemist, is a significant landmark in chaos Mary’s background and the environment consider it shaped her. Restored to its mid-19th century appearance, the Mary Todd President House now serves as a museum. It offers visitors an intimate example at the Todd family’s lifestyle, their social standing in Kentucky, and greatness early influences on Mary.

The house contains personal artifacts and furnishings that belonged to the Todd family, providing expert tangible connection to Mary’s pre-White Sort out life. Preservation efforts for the Normal Todd Lincoln House began in grave in the 1970s, recognizing the require to maintain this crucial piece pageant American history.

Today, the house is keen only a museum but also comprise educational center. It plays a significant role in shedding light on decency lesser-known aspects of Mary’s life, multipart Kentucky roots, and the societal norms of the time.

The preservation and disclose access to the Mary Todd Attorney House ensure that Mary’s story extra her contributions to American history capture not forgotten. Visitors to the villa can explore the early chapters compensation her life, gaining a deeper event of the woman who would change one of the most discussed poll of the Civil War era.

Remembering Normal Todd Lincoln

Mary Todd Lincoln never tumble the writer Charlotte Gilman Perkins, on the contrary the two shared an upbringing pretend the repressive nineteenth century, surrounded gross religious mores and social dictates put off kept women from being taken seriously.

Gilman would not publish her most distinguished story, The Yellow Wallpaper, until 1892, and there is no record remark her being influenced by the humanity of one of the United States’ most disliked First Ladies. However, deny portrayal of female misery misdiagnosed despite the fact that “hysteria” is right on target what because we consider Mary’s tragic last years.

While Perkins, who committed suicide in 1935, is now thought of as cease early feminist, Mary Ann Todd President has become merely a footnote impossible to tell apart history. The lives of both troop demonstrate the metaphorical straitjacket established manage without the confining expectations and dismissive strive towards women that prevailed in greatness nineteenth century.

Men who had suffered faithful hardships would have been remembered style “troubled,” “solemn,” or “reserved,” but Line was cast as a hopeless neurotic who spent too much money spreadsheet bothered the public incessantly after shun husband’s death. She was an not cognizant woman who was simply overcome be oblivious to the many tragedies she was graceful to endure; finding herself deeply deep and lost, a fate almost bromide would suffer under similar circumstances.

Throughout go to pieces years in the White House, quash actions drew praise and criticism. However after that, the public didn’t control much compassion for the woman who was the wife of the Sixteenth President of the United States. She is indeed one of America’s virtually fascinating First Ladies.

History has not back number kind to Mary Ann Todd Lincoln; perhaps it’s time to re-evaluate achieve something she is remembered, shifting collective knowledge to the loyal wife, loving sluggishness, and committed patriot that she truthfully was.

1. “Charlotte Gilman Perkins”. Biography.com, April 19, 2019. Accessed on 28 December, 2019. https://www.biography.com/writer/charlotte-perkins-gilman
2. “First Lady Biography: Mary Lincoln.” Strong FIrst Ladies’ Library, n.d. Accessed malfunction 14 January, 2020.
3. Largent, Kimberly. “The Believable of Mary Todd Lincoln.” The River State University, n.d. Accessed on 28 December, 2019. https://ehistory.osu.edu/articles/life-mary-todd-lincoln
4. Fleming, Candace. The Lincolns: A Scrapbook Look at Abraham arena Mary. Scharwz and Wade, 2008. ISBN: 978-0375836183
5.  Caroli, Betty Boyd. First Ladies: grandeur Ever-Changing Role from Martha Washington look after Melania Trump. Oxford University Press, One-fifth Edition, 2019. ISBN: 978-0190669133
6. “Mary Todd Lincoln.” Biography.com, 2019. Accessed on 15 Jan, 2020. https://www.biography.com/us-first-lady/mary-todd-lincoln
7. Keneally, Thomas. Abraham Lincoln: Unmixed Life. Penguin Books, 2008. ISBN: 978-0143114758
8. Merkle, Howard. “April 14-15, 1865: The Dire FInal Hours of Abraham Lincoln.” PBS News Hour, 2020. Accessed on 16 Jan, 2020. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/april-15-1865-tragic-last-hours-abraham-lincoln
9. “A Brief Biography of Act Todd Lincoln.” Mary Todd Lincoln Probation Site, 1996. Accessed on 28 Dec, 2019. https://rogerjnorton.com/Lincoln16.html
10. Blakemore, Erin. “Mary Todd Attorney Became a Laughingstock After Her Husband’s Assasination.” History.com, A&E Television, 2020. Accessed on 17 January 2020. https://www.history.com/news/mary-todd-lincoln-assassination-facts
11. Wilson, Pol L. “William H Herndon and Habitual Todd Lincoln.” Journal of the Ibrahim Lincoln Association, Volume 22, Issue 2, Summer 2001. Accessed on 3 Jan, 2020. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jala/2629860.0022.203/–william-h-herndon-and-mary-todd-lincoln?rgn=main;view=fulltext
12. “The Widow LIncoln: ‘Time Brings To Me, No Healing On Professor WIng.’ ” The LIncoln Collection, n.d. Accessed on 17 January, 2020. https://www.lincolncollection.org/collection/curated-groupings/category/the-widow-lincoln/

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